RESISTANCE & REVOLUTION. (Part 2)

Resistance & Revolution in the 21st Century.

The human centred bourgeois ideological constructions, noted in (Part 1), have for generations been intellectually integrated into a set of largely unchallenged assumptions based upon the social domination of the ancient hierarchical mass society structure of human living. Consequently, the aim common to most of these left, right and centre proposals for revolutionary transitions is the need to ‘save human civilisation’ from it’s current self-destructive trajectory’, whatever they think that trajectory is. However, this is exactly the same abstract purpose as understood by the liberal bourgeoisie.

In other words it is the ‘content’ of hierarchical mass society forms they disagree upon and wish to change, not the form itself. In the name of ‘civilisation’ (i.e. the current hierarchical mass society form) the liberals  think and profess they have been saving humanity for multiple generations from the barbarity of so-called ‘ignorance’ and primitive backwardness and (for more recent decades) by the ‘progress’ of industry and science. If 20th and 21st century genocide, industrialised warfare and ecological destruction is a result of enlightenment and progress, then perhaps a little nostalgia for pre-civilised life on earth would not be so irrational as at first it may seem.

It turns out that for a century or so the elites in control of hierarchical mass societies have been destroying life on earth (human, insect, animal and natural plant material), in every possible nook and cranny for their own self-gratification. And of course classifying that as civilised behaviour. Civilisation is of course the bourgeois term used to describe the ancient, middle and latest advanced hierarchical mass societies based upon elite directed production and consumption. So one unanswered question in all such ‘saving civilisation’ proposals for revolutionary change is what is deemed worth saving and for whom is it to be saved?

But even before that question can be adequately dealt with, another missing aspect of most left liberal fantasies concerning revolution is the fact there are the two necessary dimensions to human existence (the biologically determined economic dimension and the socio-biologically determined organisational dimension) mentioned in part 1. And again, whilst these two aspects; ‘production’ and ‘reproduction’ are linked, they are not achieved in the same manner.

Most anti-capitalist thinking concerning any future human society to the capitalist dominated hierarchical mass society form, therefore, is still based upon a hierarchical mass society model but imagined to be differently governed. The only slight difference is that the left version of saving human ‘civilisation’ is to be organised on the basis of the ideas of a progressive elite and managed by elected or appointed representatives of the class from which this progressive elite emerges. In essence this new idea of a progressive elite is not so new. It is just a repetition of the old bourgeois idea of a progressive elite, leading humanity torward to an elite determined future.

Here again we have parts of the revolutionary left uncritically accepting the bourgeois ideas of general material progress and the continuation of class distinctions. They envision a class of politically educated rulers, a class of institutionally educated bureaucrats and a class of ‘trained’ workers. This is why this type of idea of revolution arises primarily among the dissident thinking classes, who assume their ideas are necessary to determine what happens in future once  implemented at a practical level. Therefore, if they produce clever or logical sounding ideas and put them out there, this will enable discontented people to implement them and change the miserable reality of their lives.

Therefore for several generations, most ‘revolutionary’ thinkers have formed themselves into groups to spread their ideas and even invite workers to pay to read their ideas, by selling them magazines, papers and now blog subscriptions to fund their own existence. That is how any class of intellectuals continues to exist within bourgeois societies. They sell their ability to think and eloquently express those thoughts in literature and to talk about them in front of paying (in some way) audiences whilst convincing themselves they are doing it for the benefit of mankind. The ‘revolutionary’ intellectuals are no different in this regard and within their organisations they invariably replicate the traditional hierarchical mass society system in miniature.

They soon (often immediately) choose a leader (elected or appointed), select a managerial support group (editoral staff or central committee) and rectuit an almost endless supply of discontented worker/followers to appeal to for funds and other forms of support such as providing free labour. If such ‘sects’ become relatively successful, they invariably institute all the typical infrastructure of hierarchical mass societies, such as paid staff, appointment and promotion procedures, competitive jockeying for staff positions, resorting to disciplinary and expulsion procedures, when challenged. So even whilst advocating a revolutionary transition to a different form of living and working they, like the elites they oppose, are actively conserving the ancient form of hierarchical mass society living and working.

The above paragraph outlines why the social reality of Soviet Russia, under the Leninists, Trotskyists and Stalinists, and Communist China under Mao and his successors (and other similar so-called revolutionary transitions) so closely resembled all other hierarchical mass society forms – including the ones designated as Fascist! The fact that the leaders are designated differently as Fuhrer”s, Commisars, or Ministers, matters little to how the system functions. This is also why simply advocating the elimination of the third defining characteristics of hierarchical mass societies (elite wealth accumulation) does not solve the problems associated with hierachical mass societies.

Nor would it solve the destruction of the ‘natural’ foundations of all life on earth – including humanity! In the modern context, even a policy of levelling down the rich and eliminating the incentive for wealth accumulation and profit, the existence of nine billion human beings continually consuming organic and inorganic nature inorganic would still be existentially problematic. Such numbers, producing and consuming at even a moderate level on a finite planet with a rapidly diminishing number of ‘key’ species supporting the rest, does not represent a solution for life on earth in general, but a continuation of the same old anthropocentric problem.

The above noted intellectual limitations imposed by this combination of lived experience within hierarchical mass societies and its inherited ideological assumptions has prevented many anti-capitalists and those who class themselves as ‘socialists’ from understanding how human social reality has unfolded with regard to the socio-economic and bio-chemical aspects of the evolution of all life on earth. Marx summed up this intellectual tendency amongst the 19th century left-leaning middle classes when he wrote;

“The act of transforming society was reduced to the cerebral activity of their own criticism.”

And;

“They forget, however, that they are opposing nothing but phrases to these phrases, and they are in no way combatting the real existing world when they are combatting solely the phrases of this world.” (Marx. In Marx/Engels Collected Works Volume 5 page 30)

Life on earth, including human life, is essentially practical even in the case of the modern social domination of an intellectually employed labour force. The cycle of Nutrition, Cell-Metabolism, Body Growth, Species Reproduction, Ageing and Death (N-M-G-R + A-D) are all physical processes – for all forms of life on earth! They are certainly not the result of intellectual processes even though they are now more comprehensively understood by intellectual means. Indeed, thought itself is dependent upon the practical implementation of the (N-M-G-R + A – D) processes of living and producing. It is not ‘I think therefore I am’, but ‘I am (at a stage were) I can think. Also in reality only practical circumstances and, techniques can actually be revolutionised.

Therefore, any reference to socio-economic revolutions should primarily refer to a practical reorganisation of living and producing – not a reorganisation of people’s thoughts. To start a genuinely revolutionary process on the revolutionary left it is necessary to radically change what is being done by the revolutionary left – in practice – not in theoretical formulations! Simply carrying on as before and just talking and writing about what others (usually the workers or ‘the people’) should be doing in future is not revolutionary but conservative. In the 21st century, revolutionary phrase-mongering is an anthropocentric indulgence and essentially an act of conserving existing class distinctions and hierarchical assumptions of leaders and led; of a modern version of shepherds and sheep.

In particular, anthropocentric focussed intellects tend to ignore the biological reality concealed or conceptually obscured by the abstraction ‘modes of production’ and therefore they ignore or downplay the revolutionary changes needed to the  organization and purpose of production and consumption which are currently negatively affecting the biological processes required for life on earth to continue as previously. It should now be an absolutely taken for granted fact that the bio-chemical processes of life on earth pre-date the formation of hierarchical mass societies and politics, by millions if not billions of years, but even so, the practical implications of this evolutionary fact are still being insufficiently considered.

The implications of such a perspective, however, are becoming clear. They are that any future ecologically balanced forms of human society would need to recognised (now from accumulated experience) the importance of two essential changes to production and consumption. 1. The need to stop and reverse the current profit-led, ecological destruction of life on earth by human productive  activity; and 2. To begin to reintroduce and replant or allow a repopulation of most of the already depleted forests, insect, animal, bird and sea life habitats and their inter-connected species.

To do that humanity will need to reject and reverse three past and current practically based elite assumptions and practices: 1, that we are not one species but made up of superior and inferior sub-divisions comprised of nations, religions or races; 2, that competition for sources of life support between human communities is not natural; and 3, That the concept of rich and poor is not a naturally determined outcome of biological evolution, but a continuing elite determined socially intended outcome. At root, these are practical 21st century issues which any genuine revolutionary activists should be discussing, resolving and implementing themselves whilst aiming to encourage others – by their practical example – to do the same.

Any proposals not including the essence of the last sentence of the previous paragraph is not revolutionary in any long or short-term term sense. Simply talking and writing about overthowing capitalist based mass society hierarchies and/or modifying the social composition of governing elites or removing class, gender, and ethnic divisions and prejudices, are only phrases and in any case these phrases only address anthropocentric concerns. These latter (original 20th century revolutionary perspectives) were drawn up by previous generations on the basic assumptions that all the above noted overthrows, modifications and removals could be achieved on a planet that would be relatively stable climatically, ecologically and socially.

The real world evidence for such assumptions, plus a further one that in an existential crisis, a majority of humanity could be relied upon to be rational – no longer exists! Those 20th century assumptions are no longer valid, even if they may have appeared to be still relevant in the late 20th century thinking of many of us anti-capitalist activists at that time. The globalisation of the capitalist mode of production and its associated bourgeois assumptions has introduced a level of socially determined irrationality among most of the human species.

It is now the case that far too many now consider competition, self-indulgent consumption and a high degree of narcissistic exceptionalism is the essential ‘natural’ essence of the human species. Thus such socialised ‘entitlement’ expectations are currently so embedded within the psychology of many mass society individuals that an endless supply of globalised commodities and experiences are not just longed for, but demanded and genocidally fought for by sections of humanity – even against the interests of other human beings – and against the survival needs of all other non-favoured life forms.

For the success of any future revolutionary movement, practical experience will need to have convinced a critical mass of citizens to reject entitlement exceptionalism among humanity in general. Moreover,  the practical rejection of such aspirations will be every bit as important as a defeat of the ruling elites who control the current capital dominated hierarchical mass society nations. Indeed, the practical ‘life on earth’ basis of a hoped for universal entitlement to conspicuously consume is disappearing fast. The  profit-based investments by the upper and middle-classes, is exhausting and deforming,  more and more of the natural inorganic and organic resources of planet earth. But despite this vivid backdrop of existential threats to life on earth, the current political reality is that entrenched elites, organising, campaigning and engaging in genocidal levels of mass killing is proving a more obtainable objective than the long term organised resistance to such outcomes.

Currently, where opposition to such entrenched elites actually develops, it more often takes the form of sectarian militarised groups, which as noted, replicate the male dominated anthropocentric social forms manifested by those elites they are actually opposed to. Civil wars then become wars between competing elite-led movements for the purpose of capturing power over economic, financial and social resources, rather than revolutions seeking the liberation of life on earth from oppression and exploitation. Whilst in general, the implications of understanding that the bio-chemical maintenance and reproduction of life on earth – as a whole – is essential for the future of all life on earth, the practical means of ensuring that outcome are not at all clear.

However, it is possible to say that the problems facing all the species of life on earth (including the human species) will not be solved by elite fantasies of how hierarchical mass societies can be continued, reformed and anthropocentrically governed politically, socially or economically. The historical evidence on previous ‘civilisations’ (sic) suggests, that despite warnings,  some things (including human societies) have to overwhelmingly collapse from their own internal contradictions, before enough time and space becomes available for the survivors of the collapse to initiate alternative ways of living and producing which cannot  then be effectively obstructed.

Roy Ratcliffe (April 2024)

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RESISTANCE & REVOLUTION. (Part 1)

Resistance and Revolution in the 21st Century.

Resistance within hierarchical mass societies has taken many forms and has been almost continuous since the first emergence of this form of human aggregation several thousand years ago. Resistance, individual or collective, occurs because these hierarchical social forms are oppressive, exploitative and alienating. However, although there is occasionally a direct link between resistance and the outbreak of revolution, those links and occurances are few and far between. Nevertheless, some people seem to think that repeated high levels of resistance will automatically lead to revolution. This, however, is not how the two symptoms interact. This is because increased resistance is merely a quantitative development, whereas revolution is a distinctly qualitative development. No matter how violently or widely expressed, resistance breaks out among the victims of oppression their decision is only motivated to act against some of the oppressive or exploitative actions inflicted against them. By merely resisting they do not necessarily act against the entire system of oppression. In such cases of collective resistance, there comes a point in which one side modifies its position and backs down. On the one hand, the elite side will often cease or ease their oppression, or are replaced by a different set of elites, or on the other the resisters are appeased or defeated and the oppresive system carries on. Even resilant resistance is countered by reformist promises.


Revolutions, on the other hand see resisters go beyond a stage of progressive or intermittant resistance to any mass exploitation and oppression and become transformed into forming movements for a completely different way of living and working. A revolution to change a mode of production, therefore, becomes a struggle for and against an entire system of living and producing not just immediate acts of oppression. This is why throughout history, revolutions are both infrequent and different to the everyday class struggles within hierarchical mass societies. First of all activists who decide to take part in revolutionary struggles, whether these are successful or not, have to arrive at a practical realisation that the existing way of producing and living – as a whole -should not be allowed to continue any longer. Yet even that experience and its ideological expression, is still not enough to initiate an actual process of revolution. Secondly, and of crucial importance, there must already exist an alternative way of living and producing that has successfully materialised and been substantially developed. Unless these two elements are present, all talk of revolution is just fantasy. Although intellectually it can appear to certain individuals, that it is new ideas that can change old realities, in fact collectively the process is invariably in the opposite sequence. The ideas of large communities about how to live and produce generally only change from directly experiencing the existence of new productive realities. New forms of large-scale community living are not a result of direct exposure to new ideas, but to new ways of being.

This material relationship between reality and ideas at the social level is demonstrably clear from the case of the production and dissemination of ideas of socio-economic revolution. The concept of revolution has been used descriptively and rhetorically many times on the left and right particularly during the 20th century but without any notable changes in the ideas of the masses concerning a rejection of the dominant mode of production. Over a number of generations, the resistance of the working classes has peaked and troughed and yet questioning the system as a whole, has remained the exclusive intellectual pursuit of only a tiny minority. The mass uprisings and resistance shown by sufferers of oppression and exploitation prior to the so-called 20th century fascist and socialist revolutions in Russia, Germany, Italy, Spain, China and elsewhere were not revolutionary with regard to the hierarchical systems of exploitation and oppression. These uprisings and resistances did not result in an end to the form of exploitation of the masses, nor put an end to the existence of an exploitative ruling/governing elite. In the end the energy of the working class resistance and uprisings only served to back one side or the other of contending or competing ruling elites, who, when victorious retained the existing class based system of hierarchical mass society living and producing.

So from a revolutionary-humanist perspective, all these so-called ‘revolutions’ have been misnamed. They were not actually socio-economic revolutions, for in essence, the resistance of the masses quickly came under the influence and direction of the radical actions and ideas of disident political elites. In the 20th century, these elites, supported by the masses, managed to replace the previous ruling elites by the means of engaging in extreme levels of civil war. These 20th century resistances to the exploitation of the capitalist mode of production, by being manipulated into focussing on replacing the type of ideology espoused by various elites, left the three essential structures of all hierarchical mass societies firmly in place. The capitalist mode of production (i.e. mode of living and producing) became merely the latest iteration of the general hierarchical mass society form. These essential socio-economic aspects of the capitalist domination of the hierarchical mass society form are 1, the existence of wage labour; 2, the separation of control/ownership of the results of past labour (now designated as capital) from the working producers of it; and 3, the existence of an elite with the protection of a militarily force to keep the labour of working people under a direct or indirect form of elite control.

In all the 20th century so-called revolutions, this elite control continued to be exercised over the ‘duration’, the ‘purpose’ and the ‘distribution’ of the results produced by the main means of economic activity. In actual fact the main ‘means’ of production in the 20th century had been previously changed from subsistence production based on agriculture to commodity production based upon commecial trade and manufacture. People were already living by engaging with this new (capitalist’) mode when the political power of its main representatives had later been consolidated by the bourgeois political revolutions of the 17th and 18th centuries. The class representing the new mode of production (the commercial bourgeoisie) had successfully existed by means of their trade for many decades during the late middle ages, before they were eventually challenged in civil wars, by the aristocratic establishment within the fuedal system to remain subordinate. Later still, the dominant means of production based upon ‘commercial capital’ had changed from agriculturally based technologies to industrial based technologies and the conditions of working labour had changed from land based tied labour to waged labour freed from all direct connections with the land. In other words, the means and part of the mode of production had already been changed technologically and socially, but the rest of the mode of production remained essentially the same. This general mode of production and living was based upon the three great classes of all hierarchical mass societies.

Basically, there remained a class of ‘rulers’, a class of ‘managers’ and a class of ‘workers’. Of course, lots of changes had occurred in the technology of production and in the social lives of the working classes, but the essence of the hiearchical mass society mode of production had been retained. Therefore, the fundamental problems and tensions arising from the two human devised triads remained. The first (human) triad comprised of a) the ‘ruling elite’, the social ‘managers’ and the workers (living labour) who produce. The second (economic) triad comprised of b) the ‘duration’ of production, the ‘purpose’ of production and the ”distribution’ of the results of production, were also retained, in the transition to capitalism from feudalism. But note also these two historic social and economic triads were also retained under the 20th century ‘socialist’, ‘communist, fascist and social democratic liberal regimes. Consequently, the Neo-liberalist stage of capitalism in the 21st century still contains all the defining problems facing previous generations of working people but it has also become clear that the capitalist mode dominating human production now causes existential problems for the whole of humanity and the rest of the species of life on earth. The economic, financial and political elites within the first social triad (the ruling classes), determine the purpose, the duration and the distribution of production, which ensures not only the relative and absolute impoverishment of many millions of humans but the relative and absolute degradation of other essential forms of life on earth. The managerial/bureacratic levels of hierarchical mass societies, ensure the elite wishes are fulfilled, and the workers are compelled by various incentives and punishments to fulfil them.

This system and the lack (as yet) of any viable and acceptable alternative mode of production is why the idea of revolution, partially or completely muddled or not, does not resonate with or become seriously considered by most of those oppressed and exploited within hierarchical mass societies. Since the marginalisation and undermining of the cooperative way of working and living, in the 20th century, there is simply nothing better, than liberal capitalism actually on offer. Until there is a practical example of a co operative way of living and working whilst protecting and nurturing the rest of life on earth, the idea of a revolutionary transition away from liberal capitalism will remain moribund. However, this does not mean that the idea of revolution will not continue to be raised among certain segments of society. Not only genuinely mistaken concepts of revolution will continue to appear, but also novel variations will emerge promoted by those wishing to replace existing elite structures with their own preferred elite cohort of ideologists. The latter are frequently quick to recognise that in a crisis, they need to sound radical enough to be taken seriously by people in desperate straits. This happens in any deepening social and economic crisis. Karl Marx, when he studied the Paris Commune uprising response of working people in 1871 noted the emergence of such people who in every serious struggle whether with good or bad intentions, are often;

“without insight…hamper the full development of every previous revolution.” (Marx. ‘Class Struggles in France’. page 84.)

Meanwhile, imprecise uses of the concept of revolution and differing motives for using it really hamper understanding and need to be rectified, particularly in the 21st century when the implications of human production and overproduction can no longer be considered from a purely or exclusively human standpoint. Human productive activity can no longer be intellectually and economically separated from the needs of the rest of life on earth (i.e. nature!). The current human mode of production increasingly threatens the very life-support foundations for all life on earth. Climate, air and water quality, sources of nutrition etc., are being altered by human production in ways that can no longer be corrected by natural levels of biological reproduction of the essential key species maintaining the evolutionary processes of life in general. So I suggest that in periods of 21st century crisis, the idea of revolution is of little use if it remains abstract and without any real clarity as to what is intended and how it is to be established and how it is to socially evolve. Indeed, the concept of revolution has again also been more recently used in terms of advocating a transition from the existing capitalist domination to a post-capitalist socio-economic system of so-called ‘de-growth’.

However, the concept of ‘de-growth’ in contrast to continuous capitalist growth may sound radical to some, but it still offers little overall clarity of content and form within such proposals for revolutionary change in the 21st century. The left alternative of green growth instead of polluting petro-chemical growth is no less dualistically framed as well as vague. This general level of confusion and abstraction is understandable and entirely predictable for obvious reasons. Most so-called revolutionary thinkers have evolved within an intellectual paradigm predominantly determined by the direct experience of the bourgeois mode of hierarchical mass society socio-economic production. The current socio-economic base of humanity has given rise to a narrow range of ideological assumptions and political structures focussed entirely on the exagerated needs of an elite-led humanity. Take a further ‘left’ anthropocentric example; such as the concept of ‘sustainable development’ This roughly translates to mean “development that meets the human needs of the present without compromising the ability of future human generations to meet their own needs.” ‘Yet what are the human needs of the present’?

In reality, the first existential requirement for humanity, arises from the biologically determined need for balanced nutrition (N), clean water, clean oxygenated air and reasonably stable climatic conditions, so that photosynthetic produced food and oxygen sources will be functioning and abundantly available for all life on earth. For humanity, their own needs are precisely these unreferenced and unmentioned biologically determined needs, which in order to be met, are absolutely dependent upon the existence of a whole interconnected and interdependent network (or web) of species life on earth. In the 21st century, any revolutionary perspective for the future of humanity, which does not include the needs of other life-forms essential to all existence, alongside it’s own needs, is not potentially revolutionary, but potentially reactionary. This is because the existing hierarchical mass society form of human aggregates which is currently ‘glossed’ as ‘civilisation’, is already deeply reactionary. It is genocidally destroying humanities species unity and damaging the complex interdependent foundation upon which the human species has evolved and which it needs to survive in any future form of social aggregation. The overwhelming experience of living in the bourgeois form of meeting these two needs, (by mass economic production and mass biological reproduction) has resulted in an anthropocentric paradigm of thinking by most citizens and also by many anti-capitalists. This closed paradigm of thinking needs to be not only resisted but also revolutionised.

Roy Ratcliffe (April 2024).

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Appologies to subscribers and viewers.

I offer apologies to subscribers to this blog and viewers of an earlier version of the latest post Marx and life on Earth. The internet connection was interrupted and resulted in a jumbled article. I have since rectified (hopefully) this internet created fault and republished the article on the blog. I cannot retrieve the email versions but can advise you visit the blog http://www.critical-mass.net for the corrected version. Regards,

Roy

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MARX & LIFE ON EARTH (Part 2)


The general cultural and educational level promoted within modern hierarchical mass societies, ensures that an anthropocentric viewpoint dominates the thinking of the vast majority of humanity. At its most basic level the ideology generated by the capitalist mode of production views the planet from a perspective of bourgeois property ownership. From the feudal elite perspective, the local land (and everything living on it) was ‘their” land obtained by conquest and inheritance. By a similar process, from the bourgeois elite perspective, the entire planet is effectively ‘their’ planet and most of it has by now been obtained by purchase and deed of transfer. This cultural concept of human beings owning land and nature has permeated all classes of society until it is no longer generally questioned and has taken the ideological form of taken for granted Anthropocentrism. Humanity in general now views the planet (and everything on it) as ‘our’ planet and the only question frequently raised is the unfair allocation of portions of it to individuals by means of their accumulated monetary wealth.


Furthermore, according to bourgeois law, the owner can legally do whatever they want with their property. If a capitalist individual or consortium buys a forest, then cutting it down and planting a mono crop is currently their legal right and entirely their own ‘business’. If another consortium of capitalists purchase the land and means to process sewage, then that is ‘their’ business and they can discharge it in rivers and seas in any treated or untreated condition they choose. Indeed, in general, the global capitalist elites are still acting 24/7 in accordance with this bourgeois intellectually constructed paradigm of individuals of one species owning and effectively controlling the rest of life on earth. This practice of ownership rights over the natural world is so culturally embedded that no serious challenges to that ‘basic right’ come from any other sections of humanity. Yet it is common knowledge that the establishment of ‘life on earth’ has been an evolutionary process continuing over billions of years, in which the planetary resources throughout evolution have been shared among millions of species life-forms. However, particularly in the last two centuries or so, humanity has produced an elite with a colossal level of wealth and arrogance, combined with a wilful ecological ignorance.


Since the Industrial Revolution the capitalist orientated bourgeoisie have begun to feel entitled to do whatever they want to other members of their own species (genocidally eliminate them and/or enslave them) and to do whatever they want to the rest of the planetary species of life (tear down forests, chemically assassinate insects, pollute air, land and seas). This characteristic of allowing individuals to undermine or destroy the earths life support system is an indictment of the low level of intelligence and wisdom of both the global elite and their millions of middle-class supporters in academia, media, entertainment, education, science, politics and government. For as opportunistic individuals the latter groups either turn a welcoming or blind eye to such activities and to their own more nuanced but nonetheless conspicuous consumption and pollution. To the firmly entrenched Anthropocene man (and woman) their particular section of the human species is all that really matters, and the rest of life on earth, apart from favoured pets, zoos and wild-life conservation parks, has to just get out the way or otherwise they will be pushed out of the way or eliminated in one way or another.


Placing humans first, clearly represents a commonly held anthropocentric viewpoint concerning life on earth and it is one, which has been a dominant view in religion and secular politics since the formation of hierarchical mass societies. Nevertheless, in actual fact, both in pre-historic, historic and biological terms, nature (life on earth) came before multi-cellular species of life and multi-cellular and multiple species of life came before a branch of the hominid species evolved to be human. Indeed, the so-called higher sentient species of which humans claim to be the most important, still absolutely depend upon the prior and continued existence of a whole network of visible and invisible inter-dependent life forms providing the oxygenated air, and the basic food and habitat chains on which the sentient beings rely to survive and reproduce. The real world came before the ideas about the real world and the human species ultimately remained (and still remains) more dependent upon biology than upon sociology. As noted in part 1, we are natural beings. The material foundations of our social existence are biological and ecological not intellectual. And whilst the human species depends absolutely upon ‘life on earth’ (nature) for its continued existence, life on earth in general does not depend upon the existence of human species, for its continued existence.


My own researches for a new study I am completing indicate to me that for thousands of years life on earth has been studied from the perspective of the human species; but the human species has rarely (if ever) been seriously studied from the perspective of life on earth. The intellectual reversal of the real status of humanity as natural human beings I consider is something of a historically based narcissistic exceptionalism spun out of the human ability to think and imagine itself as something above and beyond nature and unattached to natural parameters. However, that intellectually created virtual world was constructed prior to gaining a more modern level of understanding which fully recognises the dependence of humanity upon life on earth (or nature) – in all its manifold interdependent forms.
Marx, got as close as was possible duing the 19th century to understanding the reliance of humanity upon the totality of ‘nature’ but the interdependence of life on earth was not adequately understood or revealed then (or now) by the generic use of the term ‘nature’.

The continued repetition of the abstract concept ‘nature’ does not reveal anything of the inter-connected, inter-dependent and intricate web of life on earth. In actual fact the billions of life forms on earth and their interdependent life cycles that make up ‘nature’ is effectively obscured by never getting further than repeatedly using that convenient abstraction. It has taken almost two futher centuries of scientific research since Marx conducted his studies, to arrive at a more accurate understanding of the ecological interdependence of life on earth and humanities absolute dependence upon it at the cellular and microorganism level of sophistication and miniscule size. So whilst it is true that at one point Marx considered the Russian village subsistance commune might offer an alternative to the multiple alienations of capitalist based hierarchical mass societies, this 19th century suggestion of his needs to be treated with caution. For even when he wrote;

“..if the Russian intelligentsia (l’intelligence russe) concentrates all the living forces of the country to ensure the unfettered rise of the rural commune, the latter will soon develop as a regenerating element of Russian society and an element of superiority over the countries enslaved by the capitalist regime.” (Marx correspondence)


We cannot assume that the words “concentrating all the living forces to ensure the unfettered rise of the rural commune” represents a definitive break by Marx with the idea of a future  mass society form. How could it? The real biological and ecological evidence upon which to base such a complete reversal of anthropocentric exceptionalist thinking was almost completely missing in the late 19th century. Marx was, (as we all are), a product of the stage of socio-economic development then reached by the evolution of human life on earth. At the point in the trajectory of hierarchical mass society history that Marx was living through, the glaring negative affects of human productive activity upon life in general was restricted to particular parts of Europe and North America. In any case such dust-bowl, Aral Sea shrinking and river polluting, mass society effects seemed to be based upon callous or neglectful aberrations to the system of production. These rubbish dumps and discarded waste materials did not at the time manifest themselves as the general systemic affects globally generated by the entire profit based and turbo-charged hierarchical mass society system itself.


In fact even now, two centuries, later, this systemic pollution by so-called rogue producers ‘neglect’ and disregard for the environment is still the ‘common sense’ default understanding of millions of people – including large numbers of those intellectuals who claim to be influenced by Marx. Yet, the hierarchical mass society system by it’s original design and continuing purpose, is as a short term exploitative system of production, particularly in its latest capital dominated form. It is a form of human social organisation in which, since ancient Babylon and Egypt an elite have exploited and oppress the majority and nature, on the basis of a fiction that they are better, or considered more deserving, than the rest of life on earth and their own citizens.

However, the dire consequences for life on earth, as a whole, are gradually emerging from realising the effects of how the human species produces and reproduces itself biologically, socially and economically. The realisation is slowly dawning of how blatantly out of sync the human species is with how the biologically based system of life on earth has reproduced itself for billions of years. Yet this realization is still restricted to a few and of course in the life-time of Marx the climate changing, eco-destroying possibility of profit based production and consumption had not become a probability and so was not a defining issue. The most vitally important issue then was the alienating relationships between the human species within and between class based hierarchical mass societies. Therefore, when Marx wote;

“Only when the real, individual man re-absorbs in himself, the abstract citizen, and an individual human being – has become a species being in his everyday life, in his particular work, and in his particular situation….only then will human emancipation have been accomplished.”(Marx. Collected Works Volume 3, page 168.)

We need to acknowledge that this statement – as radical as it was in the 19th century – is now insufficient and needs a 21st century makeover and a crucial addition. This could be done by re-phrasing the first sentence and inserting the following clause (in bold) after the words “particular situation’; i.e. “…to ensure it’s own species well-being does not detrimentally affect the present and future well-being of all the other inter-dependent species of life on earth,” will human emancipation have been accomplished’. So that the essence of the above revolutionary-humanist perspective formulated by Marx in 1870 would now read;

“Only when real individual human beings think and act as species beings in their everyday life and organise their energies and abilities in a genuinely voluntary collective way to ensure their own well-being does not detrimentally affect the present and future well-being of all the other inter-dependent species of life on earth, will human emancipation have been accomplished and humanity have realised an evolutionary balanced potential.” (RR)

Hence, whilst I am convinced that Marx regularly needs defending from the negative distortions of his many detractors, (and I have done so repeatedly during my adult life) he should not be transformed into some now dead ancient guru whose ideas must be defended at all costs or positively distorted in order to make all his ideas seem relevant to the new set of circumstances, now facing humanity. Pursuing such a strategy is not a scientifically based attitude but a semi-religiously based one. Marx’s research ought not to be routinely ignored and then bought out to be used like a compass when anti-capitalists feel lost in unfamiliar intellectual territory. His Revolutionary-Humanist criticism needs to be understood, but also refreshed and replenished by reliable and confirmable new evidence. Sadly, some modern followers of Marx have become trapped in a post-Marx, dogmatic paradigm of ‘Marxism’ where the “masters” theories must be occasionally dipped into, mined for ‘gems’, dug out and dogmatically followed, regardless of unfolding reality.

Some of his current followers seem to think that a guru-like Marx gave us the absolute socio-economic truth about human life on earth, when in fact he was limited by circumstances and limited himself to providing important relative truths concerning the capitalist mode of production and its wider social and political manifestations. That itself was innovative, groundbreaking and valuable at the time and remains so. Nevertheless, the relative economic truth about the capitalist mode of production and its alienating social life that he provided was relative to the evidence he acquired during his life by his reading of history and economics and by the combined experience he had accumulated during his life time in the advanced capitalist countries of Europe. 

Sadly, the revolutionary programme and praxis Marx proposed in the ‘Theses on Feurebach’ and elsewhere, never got further than the dead ends that the Bolsheviks and Maoists took it. While the reformist left became the reformist centre and the post second world war generations of anti-capitalists became bogged down in sectarian squabbling and point scoring against each other rather than promoting a collective analysis of the egocentric and anthropocentric (Leninist, Trotskyist, Stalinist, Maoist) vanguard model they were still promoting. However, in the meantime, planetary reality and the capitalist mode of production has substantially changed both qualitatively and quantitatively and so too must our ideas.

The experience of the Russian, Chinese and Cuban Communist Revolutions indicated that the hierarchical mass society model, even when controlled by those who were convinced they were following the ‘revolutionary’ ideas of Marx (or Engels) still remained hierarchical, still retained wage slavery and still treated nature as resources to be consumed indiscriminately and bought and sold as expendable commodities. Marx clearly knew the importance of some aspects of nature, (“land, the first condition of our existence” as he noted in ‘Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy’ ) as did many others, but he and his generation did not know the full extent of it, or the importance of the whole interdependent web of species life on earth needed by the human as well as by all other species. The planetary biosphere, including its air, water and land and all that lived within it and on it, was in previous generations considered to have a lasting – even eternal – stability, resource-wise.

For generations it appeared beyond the ability of human beings to disturb that life – supporting biosphere stability by anything they did or didn’t do. Indeed, that is still often the default position of the present day millions who base their denials of climate change and ecological extinctions on exactly that eternal type supposition. This is also the case with regard to those many humans who have a favourite species they wish to conserve but do not understand that the iconic Whales, Tigers or Pandas they favour also need the oxygen and food, provided by the mature plants and algae which are being destroyed or depleted by humanities ever increasing production and consumption – now on automated robotic steroids. Saving such iconic species requires saving all the planets species, particularly those at the base of supplying all the air we (and they) breath and the food chains we are all part of, such as the billions of insect larvae and plant seeds.

I suggest we revolutionary anti-capitalists and revolutionary-humanists need to free ourselves from the ideological confines experienced by and imposed upon our teachers – even the great ones – and begin working things out for ourselves. We need to commence and continue our own research and base it on the latest verifiable forms of evidence available to us. This evidence is much greater than was available to previous generations, we ignore it at the cost of seeing no further and perhaps understanding even less than our previous generations. The human brain is an amazing organ which is capable of examining evidence in detail in order to separate fact from fiction.  However, unfortunately the human brain is just as amazing at being used to invent evidence or distort it in order to turn elite preferred fictions into politically popularised facts. Consequently the task is to focus on the former and minimise the latter. In this regard Marx practiced what he once advocated in a letter to Arnold Ruge in 1843.

“I am speaking of a ‘ruthless criticism of everything existing, ruthless in two senses: The criticism must not be afraid of it’s own conclusions, nor of conflict with the powers that be.” (Marx)

Marx included in the category of ‘the powers that be’ those of the religious, political, economic and social elites, their tame media supporters and even those he classified as ‘dogmatists’ and ‘crass socialists’ among the liberals, lefts and anti-capitalist sectarians. I suggest that the above quote is one of the many suggestions by Marx that remains entirely relevant and one which is well worth adopting however, uncomfortable it makes others feel.

Roy Ratcliffe (April 2024)

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MARX & LIFE ON EARTH. (Part 1.)

The continuing multiple crises of the capitalist mode of production continues to produce ideas about how to solve them by one means or another. Many of the means advocated are those which envisage a stage of human social evolution which goes beyond the present system of unlimited growth and unlimited consumption. Among those ideas currently being revived as offering solutions to the ecological aspects of the crises within the capitalist mode of production are those connected with Karl Marx and Lenin. I have covered the ideas and practical measures of Lenin and his loyal disciple Stalin in considerable detail in Revolutionary-Humanism and the Anti-Capitalist Struggle and this can be downloaded from the file ‘free downloads’ under the banner photo. I have covered the contributions Karl Marx has made in five previous articles ‘Understanding Marx’ also available on this blog and I offer another assessment of Marx’s contribution in the remainder of this article, and in a part 2 to follow.

When we consider Marx, we should remember a few important historical factors. First, he wrote in the 19th century and we are now well in to the 21st century. Second, as brilliant as his economic and social analysis is, we should understand that he initially assumed that the hierarchical  mass society form of human social aggregation would continue to be essential for humanity and the rest of life on earth. His admiration for the collective feats of civic and industrial engineering in the modern bourgeois period of hierarchical mass societies, and his admiration for the art and philosophy of the ancient Greek period of hierarchical mass societies, are just too firmly asserted and frequently repeated to deny. Spanning over ten thousand years in Europe, in which different modes of production progressed from the asiatic despotic regimes to the medieval fuedal kingship rulers and through to the modern industrial and financial capitalist hierarchies, it does seem that the success of the human species in its hierarchical mass society form – in every field of endeavour – was something spectacular.

Taking a one-sided, on the surface view of history, this could appear to be the case, even when taking into account its numerous destructive and exploitative sides such as frequent wars, slavery, racism and mysogeny. Moeover, in the 19th century it seemed logical to practically everyone on the left, who seriously thought about it, that ‘the material conditions of life’ (described as ‘Civic Society’ by Hegel and others), that the human species would continue to dominate nature from within mass society aggregates, but in a more humane and collectively equal way. These ‘material conditions of life’ which Marx began to study during his stay in Paris, were the starting point and the basis of his materialist conception of history. Thus when Marx wrote;

“In the social production which men carry on they enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will; these relations of production correspond to a definite stage of development of their material powers of production. The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society – the real foundation, on which rise legal and political super structures and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness.” (Marx. Preface to ‘A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy’.)

We should not confuse the ‘relationships’ he refers to (ie those relationships between human beings) with the relationships between the human species and other species of life on earth (or nature in general). Whilst the above extract is an accurate material starting point and logical sequence for studying the capitalist mode of production, it is notable that this study is deliberately focussed predominantly  upon the existence of human productive relations exclusively within human communities. Marx, during his life time was operating within an existing intellectual paradigm of socio-economic study based almost entirely upon an anthropocentric understanding of life on earth. So when Marx goes on to note that ‘the mode of production determines the general character of the social, political and spiritual processes of life’, we should not assume it is ‘life on earth’ in general that he is focussed upon. His focus clearly remains primarily upon the ‘civic life’ of the human species within hierarchical mass societies as dominated by capital.

The conflict between the ‘material forces of production’ with the ‘existing relations of production’ that he then goes on to deal with are not the escalating conflicts and contradictions between humanity and the rest of life on earth. They are not concerns about ecological balance between the billions of evolved species but upon the sociological balance between humans. The contradictions he is motivated to explore and expose are those occuring entirely within the social evolution of human species during it’s post hunter-gatherer phase of social organisation. Humanities biological evolution, like the slow bio-chemical evolution of all other species, had reached a stage of relative refinement intellectually identified by the classification of humans as Homo sapien. When Marx formulated the following excerpt concerning the working class, this single species focus becomes clear.

“The community from which the worker is isolated by his own labour is life itself, physical and mental life, human morality, human activity, human enjoyment, human nature…The disastrous isolation from this essential nature is incomparably more universal, more intolerable, more dreadful, and more contradictory, than isolation from the political community. Hence to the ‘abolition’ of this isolation…” (Marx. Collected Works Volume 3 page 205.)

This community he refers to is unequivically the human community; this ‘life’ he is considering is human life within human societies; the isolation from this “essential nature” he is referencing is not nature, or life in general, but the specific communal nature of humanity before human socialised alienation took place within hierarchical mass societies. In the contradictions between the ‘general interests’ and the ‘private interests’ that Marx also refers to later are not the contradictions between the general interests of life on earth as a whole and the private interests of individual humans, but between the general interests of human communities and the private interests of individuals within them. Even when in the first volume of of his unrivaled in depth analysis of the capital mode of production he writes;

“Capitalist production, therefore, develops technology, and the combining together of various processes into a social whole, only by sapping the original sources of all wealth — the soil and the labourer.” (Marx. Capital Volume 1 chapter 15.)

It is only the sapping of the soil and the labourer – which Marx describes as the original sources or wealth – that he identifies. Why is this sapping of life on earth so limited by Marx?  I suggest it is because at the time he wrote it the soil and human labour were the only commonly understood supportive aspects of nature which he and others recognised as being sapped by elite directed human activity. But of course both of these factors, including ‘wealth’ are exclusively or primarily human anthropocentric concerns. Humanity likes to flatter itself that it is the key stone species of life on earth and that perspective permiated all classes of humanity. Indeed, the human species and their internal social relationships remained Marx’s primary focus throughout his life, with only occasional side-bar type references to the other species if life on earth.

“…life involves before everything else eating and drinking, a habitation, clothing and many other things…..Therefore, in any interpretation of history one has first of all to observe this fundamental fact in all its implications and to accord it it’s due importance…The production of life, both of ones own in labour and of fresh life in procreation, now appears as a double relationship: on the one hand as a natural, on the other as a social relationship. By social we understand the cooperation of several individuals, no matter under what conditions, in what manner and to what end. ” (Marx. ‘The German Ideology’. Section 1 History.)

In these and other such references by Marx, we can see how close he came to grasping the relative importance of life on earth (nature) in general as sources of nutrition and habitation, to humanity but the discovery of the absolute importance of bacteria to digestion, to T cells for immunity, to plant cell photosynthesis for food chains was largely unknown. A resort to Engels who outlived Marx fares no better as in the preface to ‘The origin of the Family, Private property and the State’ Engels goes no further than the 1844 manuscripts and the ‘German Ideology’ stating that; “..the determining factor in history, is in the final instance, the production and reproduction of immediate life”. The production and reproduction of immediate life is actually the determining factor of all life on earth, not just in the history of the human species. But the detailed inter-dependent connections beteeen life cycles on the planet were not being referenced, because at the time they were not fully understood.

A more detailed understanding had to await the invention of electron scanning microscopes and much else, before anthropocentric assumptions about nature (life on earth) could be questioned and these historically determined ideas superceded by life on earth based understandings. The problems that human productive activity poses to life on earth in general is a 20th and 21st century phenomenon. Even in debates between Marx and the anarchists, for example, these discussions were never primarily over the mass society form itself and its relationship to nature but only about the existence of a hierarchical alienating structure within human societies. Only later in his life did Marx return to his earlier concepts regarding nature in the 1844 manuscripts and begin to doubt the common anthropocentric assumption concerning the inevitability of future hierarchical mass societies. For example;

“Man is directly a ‘natural being’. As a natural being he is on the one hand endowed with ‘ natural powers, vital powers – he is an active natural being, a limited creature, like animals and plants…But man is not merely a natural human being he is a human natural being…therefore he he is a species being, and has to confirm and manifest himself as such both in his being and in his knowing.” (Marx 1844 Manuscripts. Emphasis added. RR.)

Yet even in this case of repeated stress on ‘natural’, it is in the qualifying clause of; “not merely a natural human being, he is a human natural being”that reveals anthropocentric tendencies.  It is  in the later sentence where Marx indicates a reversal of the actual real life presidence between ‘nature’ and ‘human’, between a natural human being and a ‘human’ natural being. That subtle, but notable linguistic juxtaposition blurs an important biological difference between life on earth as a whole (which is the foundation of all past, present and future human societies) and life in human societies in particular. Even in the 21st century most of the human species are continuing to put their own species (and nations) first and the rest of humanity and nature into various tiers or levels below them. Anthropocentric ideological assumptions even permeate the modern ecological perspective as the following example indicates. A panel of scientists collaborating with the Stockholm Resiliance Centre concluded;

“…..that Earth is now well outside the safe operating space for humanity.”

Despite the pressing dangers to the entire life on earth system, in the 20th and 21st centuries, the focus of even the more radical intelligentsia in the 21st century is still firmly on creating a ‘safe operating space’ for the human species. I suggest that if continued obsession with ‘self’ is an indicator of an individual level of serious psychological imbalance, then any continued obsession with our own single species out of the billions of other species of ‘life on earth’ that we rely upon  is a serious form of psycho-social imbalance.

Roy Ratcliffe (March 2024)

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MORE CLUTCHING AT STRAWS.

The recent US helicopter or aircraft pallet ‘bombing’ of Gaza with some paltry bundles of aid, and the latest panic stricken idea of building a temporary floating port off Gaza has nothing to do with saving what is left of the people of Palestine. As proof of this the US geriatric self-professed Zionist president and his team of elite advisors have openly declared they are going to carry on sending bombs, rockets and other military supplies to enable the Israeli government to finish the Genocidal job they and the other Zionist authoritarian citizens started back in October 2023.

That is no secret. The openly declared long term aim of Zionism is not a secret either, it has always been its mission to entirely eliminate the Palestinian people from the land of Palestine by whatever tactical means they could get away with. The current tactic is a second Nakba in the form of a Gaza genocide. The long term aim of the US led Genocidal Alliance of European national elites is no secret either, it has always been to ally with and support a strong military state within the Middle East to ensure the economic, financial and resource interests of the western Anglo-Saxon elites are protected throughout the region.

All the rest of the current token gestures and diplomatic circus acts are part of pure political janus-faced theatre events unfolding in various scenes and Acts. Act 1, was the rush to give Israel everything it needed to execute the bombing, shelling and military invasion of Gaza. We are now witnessing Act 2 in which the level of atrocities carried on by the Jewish version of fascism in Act 1, were so extreme that the pretense of the national elites forming the Genocide Alliance of being representatives of enlightened democratic humanity was exposed as totally false.

The political elite actors of the US and European Genocidal Alliance understand they are playing their parts on a global stage in front of a fully engaged global audience, large numbers of whom are no longer fooled by the crocodile tears and the rehearsed vocal sincerity of economic, financial, political and military elites in western European countries. So their current performances in Act 2 of the sequel ‘Return of the Genocide’ part X, these elites are hoping to save face and save their economic interests by clutching at straws. The straws are the dropping of some plane loads of resource filled pallets and announcing a plan to drip feed maritime aid supplies to the people remaining alive in Gaza.

However, the fact that the elite sponsored Genocide Alliance members are still doing nothing to prevent the Israeli’s from getting on with their Zionist inspired ‘final solution’, reveals their complete insincerity. The straws will only convince those few who absolutely wish to be convinced. Furthermore, another developing situation reveals what is mainly motivating this slight change of tack, by Biden et al. The fact is that the US led financial and military power block also have their pro-capitalist rivals in the form of an alliance of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). This is China dominated trading group who wish to supplant the Western Capitalist NATO Alliance as an alternative source of major economic partners.

Some countries already dissatisfied with the Western Alliance led by the US, Britain and Europe will be invited to join. The list of those already applying to join BRICS is interesting in regard to the current situation in Gaza and the corresponding antics of the US, UK and European political elite. They latest recruits to BRICS are; Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Most of the ordinary citizens of these countries have held massive demonstrations against Israel’s conduct toward Gaza and the West Bank and are critical of those who support Israel’s crimes against Palestinians. Since the capitalist mode of production is based upon world trade of buying and selling products and services, the attitude of BRICS country citizens over which countries goods, they will prefer to buy and whose countries they choose to visit will be crucial.

The probable creation of a formal or even an informal boycott of the goods and services of Israel and the NATO countries, is worrying the elites these countries. If in any Act 3 or Act 4, of this current theatre of the absurd and depravity, the citizens of BRICS countries begin to seriously boycott Israel and the west, this will mean a substantial loss of trade and subsequent profits. Taxes from trade and on profits is one of the guaranteed income sources from which the political and military hardware and elite salaries are funded. This global background of competition in economic production reveals that their change of tack is not a moral change of heart by the US led Genocide Alliance. It is simply the naked economic and financial concern of the current US, UK and European elites to maintain future profitable relationships. Consequently, they suddenly wish to appear not as heartless as they have been and as they really are.

Of course this feeble theatrical charade by Biden, Cameron, Macron and others will not save the US, UK and European elite from being substantially tainted with being members of the Israeli Genocidal Alliance Support Group. Their enthusiasm for Israeli Zionism has been too obvious and too consistent. Plus, they were already deeply mired in structural, financial, economic and political problems in their countries before Israel and its citizens commenced their own further rapid descent into inhumanity and notoriety. The US, UK and European support for Israel will merely help to deepen and extend the economic and social decent of these countries further. The elites in these Israeli support countries will have to turn the malice and indifference they have openly shown to the plight of the citizens of Gaza and the West Bank onto their own citizens.

The successive stages of the class war of managing austerity and social decay conducted by US, UK and European elites against their own citizens, will be intensified. The other victims of the current political theatricals and increased military spending are the rapidly increasing species extinctions, the rapidly changing climate stability and predictability, the continuing pollution of rivers, lakes, seas and air and the inevitable export of more novel viruses and pathogens disturbed from their usual animal and insect hosts. By evolutionary adaptation these zoonotic viruses will become strong enough to overcome the immune defences of present and future generations of humanity.

While the real crisis facing humanity is the current economic systems war against nature, the political crisis facing the elite classes is resulting in their concern to expand arms production and commodity production and increase their war against nature and humanity in general. The political and religious elites everywhere are clutching at straws in order to survive in positions of power and influence within their respective national or denominational communities. Meanwhile outside of the superficial theatres of religion and politics, life on earth, is increasingly facing potentially existential situations, of which these elites have little or no interest in understanding,  appreciating or saving.

Both areas of elite promoted ideology, politics and religion, were founded during the ancient hierarchical mass society developments some several thousand years ago and have consistently failed to recognise that changes in reality require a corresponding change in thinking and behaving. Hierarchical mass societies are producing and consuming more of the planets resources than the planets life forms can reproduce them. A forest can be felled for resource materials, in much less than a quarter of generation, but the volume of oxygen a forest can produce can only be replaced by a replacement forest which can take at least a generation to produce the same volume. The same goes for Oceanic Algae and plankton, these life forms and the benefits they provide can be damaged and depleted in much less than a generation, but cannot be replaced in anything like as quick a time.

Other key species such as insects and soil micro-organisms can be seriously depleted in less than one generation also  but again,  the role they play in plant based food production cannot be replaced as easily. Humanity, is now living beyond its means, and its means are not politics or religion but the continual species reproduction of the interconnected, interdependent, bio-chemical processes of life on earth – as a whole. The inhuman drama of political instigated wars, genocides and diplomacy are no less distractions than all current dramatic performances, but in real life these hierarchical performances will be never ending until the hierarchical mass society system that creates them is ended.

The hominid species culminating in Homo sapiens has existed for millions of years yet our species has only been playing politics and killing each other and all life forms for several thousand years. But in that relatively short  time it has built up the capacity to not only undermine the climate and ecological balance of the planet, but to undermine it’s own existence. Humanity led by hierachical mass society elites is, on a more huge and complex scale, doing the equivalent of collectively sitting half way along the branch off a mature tree and sawing the branch away at a point nearer the trunk than humanity is situated.

Metaphorically speaking, it is time to stop sawing and reflect on what our daily and yearly productive efforts are currently doing to the whole of planetary life and what will be the obvious outcome if we do not stop. To keep on letting the political and religious elites determine what we thinking and how we are producing and consuming is to invite more of the same and we know what more of the same leads to. It leads to politically created austerity, global financial crashes, globalised pandemics, globalised wars, the latest genocide in Gaza and possibly more to come and of course more of the elite political theatrical posturings.

Roy Ratcliffe ( March 2024)

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A MESSAGE FROM ROJAVA.

To all women in resistance worldwide

The women’s movement Kongra Star from Rojava has written a message to women worldwide who are in resistance on the occasion of March 8:

Above all, we greet all women who are resisting on the occasion of the 8th of March, International Women’s Day. This day, on which women all over the world take to the streets, is an achievement of women on their long path of revolutionary struggle. It is also a historical legacy left to us by the great sacrifices that women have made to date.

In the name of Clara Zetkin, Rosa Luxemburg, Alexander Kollantai, Leyla Qasim, Sakine Cansiz, Şirin Elem Holi, Mina Keshwar, Berta Caceres and Marielle Franco we commemorate all the women who sacrificed their lives for the struggle for freedom. We also pay tribute to the resistance and struggle of all activists and revolutionaries who are in prison for rebelling against oppressive and dictatorial regimes. We greet all women around the world on the 8th of March, which we celebrate here in North and East Syria under the motto “With the free will of women we end the policy of genocide, occupation and isolation”.

The past year, which has been characterized by wars and attacks on women and the rights they have gained, also clearly shows the necessity and importance of a strong resistance and struggle against patriarchy and the capitalist modernity that comes along with it. We have witnessed the outbreak of wars on a regional and global scale that have led to war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, feminicide and various forms of oppression, for example in Kurdistan, Palestine, Syria, Sudan, Yemen, Iran, Afghanistan, Balochistan, Latin America, Ukraine, Mayanmar and many other places. We are also witnessing a shift to the right and fascism on a global scale, especially in Western countries. These wars and developments are the result of a patriarchal, male-dominated mentality that is primarily directed against women and the fight for freedom.

We saw this once again with the targeted killing of our female comrades last month. Our comrade Zelal Zagros, who was in Kerkuk to network with women’s organizations, was the target of an armed attack by the Turkish secret service. Şehid Sorxwin and Şehid Azadî, two members of the women’s defense unit YPJ who played an important role in the fight against ISIS, were killed in a drone attack. Additionally, a special war is being waged through which attempts are being made to appropriate women’s struggles or rob them of their content and integrate them into the ruling capitalist system. This concerns concepts such as feminist foreign policy or the fact that the slogan Jin Jiyan Azadî is shouted by right-wing politicians, but the actual content, meaning and origin of the slogan is ignored or criminalized.

But despite all of these attacks, the tireless resistance of women could not be broken. The legacy of millennia of resistance continues and women are at the forefront fighting for their freedom and the freedom of their society. We are convinced that women are the only force that can defeat nationalism, fascism, patriarchy, colonialism and all forms of oppression. Therefore, it is urgent that we women unite in a common strategy and lead a global freedom struggle against the global imperialist war. The activities of all anti-systemic forces and social movements that are developing under the leadership of women must not be considered separately. This force must flow together and become a force for change like a waterfall. We are convinced that the 21st century will be the century of women’s freedom. And we can achieve this by building a democratic world women’s confederalism, because together we are strong.

As a women’s movement in Rojava and North and East Syria, the place where we started a women’s revolution 12 years ago and where we are still living and defending it every day, we send this message to all women worldwide who are in resistance. We stand with the Palestinian and Jewish women fighting against genocidal and feminicidal policies, we stand with the women fighting against the Taliban in Afghanistan, against the Sharia regime in Iran, against the fascist regime of Erdoğan in Turkey, against the oppression in Baluchistan, against fundamentalist forces and states in the Middle East, we stand with the women fighting against the rise of right-wing politics, fascism and oppression in the heart of capitalism.

We salute all women who are resisting in the mountains, in the streets, in the factories, in every field and everywhere else, turning every place into the color of freedom. We call to unite and strengthen our common struggle and to turn the 8th of March protests into a worldwide women’s revolution.

Jin Jiyan Azadî

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PYRRHIC VICTORIES (Ancient & Modern)

It is a fact that the elite ‘establishments’ ruling over hierarchical mass societies everywhere are having victories over the opposition of their own citizens and the citizens of other rival countries to their own. By using their armed and unarmed forces of so-called law, order and control and utilising the deteriorated condition of working class economic and political resistance, the elites are able to attack the living conditions of the bulk of their populations. On the one hand they have introduced austerity, the devaluation of currency and the withdrawal of health and social services to the lower paid and the poor in their countries; and on the other some elites have ordered their armed forces to bomb and invade the citizens of other countries such as in Ukraine and Palestine. It seems nothing at the moment can slow down or stop the elites from implementing the policies and actions they deem necessary to assert the domination of their international system of elite wealth and privilege accumulation over the welfare of the ordinary people of each country.

The Putin’s, the Biden’s, the Trump’s, the Sunak’s, the Macron’s, the Trudeau’s, and the Netanyahu’s, etc., are everywhere victorious. However, it is worth remembering that victories can come at enormous cost to the victors. These are often called Pyrrhic Victories and I suggest this is exactly what we are witnessing currently. A Pyrric victory is one in which the costs to the winner’s side in achieving a victory are so severe, that it amounts to almost the equivalent of a defeat. The term was originally coined in response to the alleged remarks of an ancient Greek general called Pyrrus.

The elites of the colonial empire established by ancient Greece, were resisting the rapidly rising power of the then rapidly developing Roman Empire. King Pyrrus, of Epirus, (in ancient North West Greece) who was also a military leader, led the Greek military campaign wars against the Roman armies of invasion and won many of them. However, the victories came with such losses to his own troops and military resources that he is said to have exclaimed; “If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined.” No humane based thought was expressed by Pyrrhus for the citizen army ‘grunts’ on both sides who were urged by their elites to kill each other by the thousands and did. Thus as a reflection of this observation, the idea of a Pyrrhic Victory was introduced.

A similar example could be made for Britain in the case of its victory in the Second World War. Although the Second World War was declared at the time of the German invasion of Poland it was actually conducted by the UK because Hitler and the German ruling elite were intent upon undermining and taking over control of parts of Britains vast Colonial Empire. British elites had previously conquered and/or annexed countries and peoples, and hence gained much of the wealth of Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The German elite, wanted control of some of these countries to exploit for themselves. So the war against Hitler was not primarily a war against Nazi Fascism nor against the annexation of Poland, as it is often depicted, but a war of the British elite to keep a controlling hold of the exploitable assets of their far flung Empire.

However, the war costs of the British victory in 1945, had so depleted the economy and the population of Britain, by multiple millions of pounds (owed to American Lend Lease contracts and others) and multiple millions of allied working people killed, that it no longer had the resources to retain the empire anyway. Thus, for the UK elite this represented another example of a Pyrrhic type victory which they eventually spun as a necessary heroic sacrifice to defeat Fascism. Note that Pyrrhic victories become so costly because the elites orchestrating them are far more concerned to win than they are bothered about the number of ordinary citizens and soldiers that get killed. For this reason they will keep the fighting going until there is so much slaughter the victory becomes a Pyrrhic one.

Of course, the concept now has a much wider application than military affairs and can be used in terms of any effort to successfully achieve a certain end but that the cost of success brings with it severe devastation or destruction of the person or persons aims in achieving it. Thus, someone who by working so hard and long at work finally becomes the boss of his firm but whose health suffers so much he dies prematurely could be considered a pyrrhic type outcome.

If the effort of any achievement undermines the purpose of obtaining it, most would ask was it really worth it? Not so the elites. I consider most of the elite class war victories over their ‘people’ which were mentioned in the opening paragraphs can be classed as Pyrrhic ones. And this phenomenon is applicable to much of the current economic, political and military events unfolding in the 21st century, particularly in Europe and the Middle East.

For example, the eventual victory of the botched campaigns led by advanced country elites to resist the global Covid 19 pandemic was at the cost of far more old, poor and essential workers dying than was necessary and in the elites losing the last shreds of their reputation for competence, integrity and humanity in governance. In addition, many elites of numerous nation states, by using their police, military and legal forces, since 2008 have won repeated victories over their citizens resistance to austerity and precarious employment strategies, but again at the cost of losing the respect of the masses they govern. In yet another example we are currently witnessing the victory of the Putin oligarchy over their Russian opposition challengers, and citizen protestors. But this has come at the cost of being exposed as ruthless, heartless gangsters.

Almost at the same time the Palestinian people are experiencing (and we are witnessing) the overwhelming military victories of the Israeli Zionist colonial enterprise aimed at eliminating the lives of unarmed Palestinians whilst flattening the buildings and infrastructure of Gaza and the West Bank. In this way the Zionist final solution to their Palestinian question is being accomplished by removing their physical existence from the territory of their historic homeland and making Gaza completely uninhabitable.

However, the costs of this Jewish Zionist victory over Gaza and the West Bank has come at the expense of an utter and almost complete loss of global support and sympathy for the Zionist colonial enterprise. The sympathy they gained from being victims of Nazi genocide, they have thrown away by replicating much of it against Palestinian civilian men, women and children. Most ruthless governing elites in post 1939/45 modern times, either try to hide or deny the mass killing of human beings, now known as crimes against humanity, so as to partly humanise their ruthless rule over hierarchical mass societies.

It is an undoubted fact that most ruthless elites are fully aware that fratricide, matricide, infanticide and genocide are the most heinous crimes that human beings can commit and so they are normally reluctant to advertise or publicly admit committing them. The Russian political oligarchy headed by Vladimir Putin and the Jewish political tendency of Zionism headed by Netanyahus’ clique (and supported by a majority of Israeli’s), however, have no such qualms and openly and publicly admit and celebrate the killing of civilian Ukrainian and Palestinian men, women and children.

Indeed, unlike the Russian people it seems a majority of Israeli citizens also wish for the death or displacement of all Palestinians. Jewish Zionism and its followers in 2024, therefore represent a special authoritarian case in which a majority of it’s countries ordinary citizens are in agreement with and complicit with the strategy of their elites, even when they dislike and distrust the current elite personnel. This break by many current elites and their followers with the previous mass society consensus against genocide and crimes against humanity, represents a paradigm shift in their previously professed morality.

Such an genocidal attitude to other members of the human family, was unambiguously declared as unlawful after the Second World War, but is now clearly back as a policy option for the 21st century elites in Syria, Russia, Israel, Myanmar and elsewhere. Materially and intellectually supporting this genocide is also an elite option for those international elites who retain trade and diplomatic relations with the perpetrators of genocide. Russia has its own group of allies to support its crimes against humanity and Israel has its Genocidal Alliance of the elites in the US, UK, France, Germany, Canada etc.

The years 2023 to 2024 therefore mark a definitive break of the world’s political elites with its pretensions of democracy and civil rights. They are now exposed as calculatingly inhumane, human beings which is something of an outstanding contradiction. In 2024, therefore, there is the continuation of an open struggle between which version of humanity is to prevail in future. Is it to be one of ruthless, militarised, nation-states constantly at war with each other, in which any kind of depravity is allowed and practiced; or is it to be one of peaceful cooperation and mutual support? It is blatantly obvious that the only defenders of a humane present and future now lie with the ordinary people of the world.

The vital question that remains to be seen, is whether this exposure of the US, UK, Germany, France, Noway etc., and Canada, as a Genocide Alliance Support Group for Israel will be made to suffer politically for their ruthless contempt for the welfare of their own and other citizens. Particularly, since essentially the same set of national elites also managed to tragically botch up the response to the Covid 19 Pandemic. They enabled huge numbers of their citizens to die by incompetence, greed and a lack of preparation when they provided obsolete and insufficient supplies of PPE and ventilator equipment; when they failed to implement early Covid testing and when they issued non-negotiable instructions to send infected parents and grandparents back into care homes during a severe public health pandemic.

All that incompetence, rule breaking, elite parties and open ended covid supply contracts was bad enough. However, they have now been party to the supplying of equipment and ideological support for the Israeli mass killing of the citizens of Gaza and the West Bank. The international elites are used to getting away with a high level of incompetence which causes devastation to ordinary working people, whilst siphoning off wealth produced by the combined efforts of their working people. For a further example, in the UK, Europe and the US, the elite managed to avoid any serious repercussions both during and after the 2008 global financial collapse, their system created and which they failed to prevent.

But historical evidence suggests there is another phenomenon among mass societies which can eventually manifest itself on the basis of repeated bouts of elite incompetence and ruthlessness. There are many historic examples where resigned acceptance of elite incompetence by citizens, becomes transformed into an active rejection of not just individual elites but of the elite based systems themselves. This phenomenon is often quietly expressed in the colloquial form of ‘enough is enough,’ or ‘how long do we let them get away with this, before we do something about it?’. Or considered more philosophically as; ‘when does an existing discontented social quantity become transformed into a new socially active quality?

Quantity into Quality?

At a philosophical, biological and social level the phenomenon of repeated increments of the same elements becoming transformed into some new phenomenon is known as the transformation of Quantity into Quality. For example repeated quantitative additions of heat to water can only continue so far until at a certain point water ceases to be a liquid and boils away into a powerful, machine turning gaseous form – steam! Similarly, reducing units of heat from water can only go so far before water ceases to be a liquid and becomes a hard, titanic-sinking solid – ice! The continual intake of units of alcohol or drugs can transform a competent healthy person into an incompetent addict.

Historically, when elites treat ordinary people as less than human for too long the latter eventually begin to organise, not in order to endlessly and uselessly complain, but to resist or rebel. In this latter regard, the social and political context of the entire capitalist mode of production in its nation state units, has radically changed in the months from October 2023 to February March 2024. The levels of military and political violence perpetrated against civil societies globally which persisted throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, has reached an undoubted peak in 2024. But this sheer quantity of openly committed violence has triggered a new quality to emerge within the non-elite sections of human societies.

The symptom of quantitative additions to an oppressive process is producing a qualitative different result which has now occurred in the consciousness of the ordinary citizens of many hierarchical mass societies. In this regard, the mixture of young and old, male and female, dark and pale skinned protesters in the ‘Black Lives Matter’ campaigns is significant. In addition, the latest multi-ethnic, multi-gender, multi-generational, mass demonstrations against Jewish, Zionist genocide and against European and Western hemisphere elite support for Israel, is also significant. Both these examples indicate a potential paradigm shift in the internal social relations of hierarchical mass societies. Hopefully, ‘the times they are a changing’.

The problem to be solved in the 21st century is that the old paradigm of thinking and being is still entrenched in elite strata of all political tendencies, left, right and centre. Advanced society elites of all political persuasions wish to retain hierarchical socio-economic forms and less advanced society elites want to create their own viable hierarchical national forms. The various denominations of religious elites also want religiously dominated hierarchical national forms and the so-called revolutionary left radicals want socialist or communist led viable hierarchical mass society forms. In other words, they all want to organise and work for a viable national country with a full complement of modern essentials.

However, to be viable in that way each country needs a large enough territory, adequate electrical supply, effective transport systems,, decent homes, good schools, excellent hospitals, efficient bureaucratic state institutions, land, air and sea military forces, old folks homes, creches, theatres etc. All the above noted elites, want all of the above facilities at a period of history in which the planet can no longer bear the existing hierarchically determined facilities obtained by the extraction and destruction of its organic and inorganic material. The proposals for any new mass society developments are in effect symptoms of wilful eco-blindness and self-indulgent wishful thinking.

A revolution in thinking and ‘being’ is needed to replace the above. A revolution in producing and thinking now and in the future, needs to be based upon on how humanity can maintain the inter-dependent, inter-connected and inter-related life forms essential to stabilising earth’s climate, removing historic pollution and ceasing ecological destruction. Only in this holistic way will humanity enable it’s own species to also survive. This means a definitive end to the constant resource wars between nations and people. It means a critical mass of ordinary people is required to initiate a process of rejecting the old basis of religious, political, gender or ethnic identities and who have started to think of themselves as equally valuable human beings who are working together as one species.

Humanity, by it’s own anthropological definition is one single species but its historical traditions continually distort this fact. Humanity needs to end this distortion and become conscious of the need to save what is left of the many interdependent essential life forms on planet earth. Those who think about the future seriously cannot fail to conclude that the last thing that life on earth needs is another century of hierarchical mass society internal and external conflicts and economic natural resource depletion and competition based upon ancient disfunctional identities. Anciently derived identity groups fighting each other for what resources are available on planet earth is a vision based upon a nightmare past and present not a vision for a viable and worthwhile future.

So I repeat, that in my opinion, life on earth needs a critical mass of Homo sapiens, who also reject the anthropocentric arrogance and technofix nonsense that currently assumes that some sections of the human species are superior to all others and to all other forms of organic life and who are capable of solving everything. The current indulgence in elite fantasies, such as imagining and suggesting creating modern up-to-date city dominated nations for all nine billion human beings on earth, and organising a colonising trip to Mars for a few science savvy Noah’s when things finally collapse on earth, need to be ridiculed for what they are and for what they represent.

In actual fact they represent a continuing failure of their proposers to also face up to, address and reverse the myriad of self-inflicted problems humanity has created for itself and for life on earth. In the 21st century, humanity and life on earth in general has reached the limit of its ability to support the existing hierarchical mass society levels of production and consumption, never mind suggesting the continued expansion of human mass societies in their present form. At the same time as reaching that natural resource limit, humanity in 2024 has demonstrated its absolute inability to control the destructive actions of the elites in charge of them.

It should be sobering to reflect that between 2014 and 2024, there was nothing anyone or any collective group or nation could do to prevent a powerful but numerically small number of elite war cabinet members, in control of a rogue nation such as Israel from engaging in mass genocide, nor was there earlier the means, for anyone to prevent another rogue elite in Russia from invading another nation. If their leading governing cabinets decide upon such action then that is all it takes.

These instances also indicate that nothing could prevent a future coterie of rogue elites from unleashing nuclear destruction on any country if they decide to. If those facts on their own do not convince people that they need to be part of a movement to end the present system, then it’s hard to imagine that further changes in climate related disasters, ecological losses of key species, and rising sea levels will convince them to rise up and become activists. So far saving the future of life on earth and the future of their children and grandchildren has not created mass movements of resistance and change.

Any serious study of hierarchical mass societies since they began way before the common era (BCE) reveals they have continually been a serious problem by introducing systemic inequality, exploitation, oppression and inhumanity into the social life of the human species and dumping its production results and consequences onto life on earth in general. Hierarchical mass societies have now reached a stage were, if they are allowed to continue, they will continue to endanger more of those life forms which are essential to support the future life processes of all life on earth.

The future as well as the present really does depend now on whether the current generation of young people are willing to resist the divisive and reactionary historical traditions of inherited group identities and the respective exceptionalisms they have been immersed in since childhood. That task plus overcoming individual constraints and joining forces with other members of our varied species is the only scenario that would begin to resist the descent into further chaos and internicine warfare. The past and present generation have singularly failed in that regard, even though a few past and present minorities have often tried to address some negative aspects and done so with considerable effort. It now falls to a new generation.

Roy Ratcliffe (February 2024)

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THE GENOCIDE ALLIANCE HOLDS FIRM.

For the fourth time in almost as many months, the international elite collusion to actively support the genocide perpetrated by Jewish Zionism in Gaza has struck yet again. Not content with its many months of supplying weapons and other military support to the Israeli apartheid state, this genocide collusion was compounded by yet another to continually obstruct the UN resolution for a cessation of Israel’s shelling and bombing campaign in Gaza and the West Bank. This was followed by a third notable occurance of international elite collusion with the almost total official silence about (and an abscence of recognising) the provisional judgement made against Israel at the International Court of Justice.

Beyond quickly giving outright support for Israeli crimes against humanity, the elites of major international countries, headed by the US, UK and Germany have been outstanding by sitting on their hands and keeping their mouths shut with regard to the vast number of Palestinian civilian deaths. This is despite the most blatant, openly admitted and media documented, mass elimination of the Palestinian civilians in Gaza and the West Bank. However, the fourth international elite collusion by a collective  suspension of UNRA relief funds has demonstrated how quickly the genocide alliance can move when it comes to actions which are aimed at the ordinary people of Gaza.

Last week, a day after the ICJ ruling against Israel, unsubstantiated accusations were made and promoted by Israel that a dozen members of United Nations Relief and Works Agency, took part or were supportive of the Hamas  attacks on October 7th 2023. Imediately, the international elite genocide alliance sprung into action. In the USA, the UK, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, Finland, Australia, Canada, Sweden, Estonia and Japan their respective elites immediately withheld relief funds for supplies to Gaza by (UNRWA). When doing so they knew that this organisation was the only source of supplies of aid getting into Gaza.

This action involves an obvious tactical support strategy by the international elites of the above named countries to the Israeli genocidal strategy of restricting relief convoys and thus starving and damaging the health of all the people of Palestine. Israeli elites have been doing this for months and they have now been joined by many western government elites. In this way the European and Western genocide alliance of elites will be complicit in causing the deaths of  those Palestinians who have so far avoided the bombs, shells and bullets supplied to Israel by the same alliance of elites. This  international elite support for Israel did not wait for proof or confirmation for the as yet unproven allegation involving just 12 people.

Yet even if this is true, it would still be a crime of collective punishment, and if it is false, then it will be a crime of falsehood on top of a crime against humanity. The infamy of this pattern of blatent elite collusion in the elimination of civilian people in Palestine must be breathtaking for those who naively believe that politicians have humanitarian principles guiding their actions. Clearly, the elites who continue to collude with Israel are socialised by the same or sufficiently similar political processes, as those of the Israeli Zionists and this should not be ignored or forgotten. Indeed, this pattern of dishonesty and perfidy is reminiscent of the worst aspects of elite inhumanity and collective punishment  demonstrated by the Hitler and Stalin political regimes in 20th century.

Politics of all shades, is once again demonstrating its pernicious inhumanity along with its class nature in that the elites in collaborating nations, stand together even when they are committing deadly crimes against other human beings. If the openly advocated and perpetrated  genocide by Israel, is not enough to stir any symptom of humanitarian condemnation or to motivate any form of preventative action, then there are clearly no lengths to which such elites would not be prepared to go. This entire episode should register as a warning to those who as the multiple crises become graver, are likely to be forced to defend themselves against future elite attacks upon their jobs, livelihoods and communities.

The current state of the political elite and their supporters internationally, demonstrates more than it just being a international fraternity club of privileged elites, who collude in the acquisition and accumulation of global wealth. It also reveals the decadence and stupidity of their system of choosing their leadership candidates. Just consider, the two contestants for the coming American presidential election, who should both be being supported and entertained in retirement villages or care homes, rather than being pressured or persuaded to pretend to be in charge of leading a country struggling with economic, financial, ecological and climate crises.

The situation is no less dire in Europe, the UK and the rest of the world, with candidates for office everywhere, who for decades have been a mixture of inept, discredited and out of their depth, ‘chancers’, more concerned with their own personal wealth accumulating situations than the dire straits of the millions they pretend to be serving. It is almost impossible to find any politician anywhere, with more than a temporary rhetorical commitment to integrity, humanitarian values or concern for the whole community.

If the 21st century  state of the world, politically, militarily, ecologically, environmentally and climatically wasn’t so serious, the current situation would resemble research material for series of incoherent film scripts and tired jokes, reminiscent of a Pinewood Studios  ‘Carry On’ film’ comedy. In this case  a ‘Carry on Governing’ would be an apt title.  But of course this doesn’t mean that there isn’t yet worse to come with a possible sequel – ‘Carry on Governing -Part 2. (Return of the Inept).

Roy Ratcliffe (February 2024)

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FASCISM: TAKE TWO?

In the early 20th century, an influential section of the German elite faced with a severe economic and financial crisis decided to back the rising violent ambitions of the Nazi movement in order to control the civil unrest of their population and to resist the demands of the poor and oppressed for less harsh and precarious working and living conditions. Room to expand the socio-economic system was an elite idea for the solution to this crisis and Lebensraum (living room) was the term used by the Nazis who had inherited it from the German intelligentia of the late 19th century. The idea was given a turbo boost as the Generalplan Ost (General Plan East) by the Nazis, but neither elites had actually invented it.

The idea had become widespread among the European elite and was based on the concept of ‘Manifest Destiny’ popularised by the European settlers in the USA. The settler conquest of North American territory from sea to sea, (the Atlantic to the Pacific) was the ‘destiny’ imagined by those who thought themselves superior to the indigenous peoples. The poor and desperate of Europe were encouraged to ‘go west’ and remake the New World in the image of the European old one. In utilising this form of racist ideology, the 20th century fascist movement, (Part 1) was developed in most European and western countries. Over many years these movements demonstrated an elite based racist supremacist set of ideas and actions and were prepared to injure or kill those who opposed them.

This ruthless determination of the Nazis clearly impressed certain sections of the ruling elites of that period and not only in Germany, but also in Italy, Spain, France, UK and North and South America. Each of these countries had for a time their own openly fascist movements. However, only in Germany, Italy and Spain did the openly Fascist elite gain sufficient total control of a state to declare war. From any form of Humanist perspective these elites in these latter three countries clearly backed the wrong movement and the ultimate result was the Second World War. This was another world war in which millions died, a comprehensive socio-economic destruction of German, French and UK society again took place and during which three communities were singled out for particularly savage treatment.

In Germany, the Nazis first went for the Communists and Trade Unionists, and practically destroyed them, then they went for the Jews and practically destroyed them, next they moved east and practically destroyed the slavic peoples encountered during their effort to invade and conquer Russia as far as Stalingrad. The high-tech machinery of military destruction developed by each country was used with very little or no regard for civilian populations as a whole. The working classes became cannon and bomb fodder yet again!

At the end of the Second World War, the remnants of Nazified German elite were put on trial for a list of their crimes against humanity that were eventually codified and encapsulated in the term and conditions now falling under the description of Genocide. Revealingly, the mass crimes against humanity of the winning side (the Allies) were never admitted or classified as crimes against humanity and no one was seriously criticised for fire – bombing the enemies German or Japanese civilians or for frying them alive on mass by Atomic bomb explosions on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (Truth nearly always loses in wars and the winning side writes their own version of history!)

At the end of that war, the previous elite based systems personel in Germany were declared guilty as charged at the Nuremberg Trials and although many Germans accepted this guilt, not all were so inclined. Some lower level Nazi regime supporters still remained unrepentant and still accepted the hierarchical mass society logic of the exceptional needs required of a successful and an imagined superior hierarchical mass society. And, because such societies were (and are) unequal and unjust, the elite knew they would need to be held together by a strong leadership that exercised a firm hand to control populations who might think differently. The fascistic idea therefore didn’t die – it just went dormant.

However, after that war, the remaining extreme practitioners of this ideology, the Nazi Party members, were officially banned from holding office in Germany. So the question; ‘were the lessons of the Fascist experience not learned, by European elites?’ is not the appropriate question. This is because the ideological assumptions of all hierarchical mass societies are not based upon moral issues but on the hierarchical needs of these type of societies. Fascist and totalitarian ideas are not simply ideas floating around the intellectual spheres of political life but are products arising from the hierarchical mass society form itself. Therefore, these elite needs and aspirations, are reborn within every new generation when a new elite is formed within them.

So it should come as no surprise then that the US, UK, France and now the current German elite have decided to back a Zionist movement that has for years demonstrated their racially based supremacist ideas and actions in injuring and killing those who opposed them or simply stood in their way. This time standing in the way of the Israeli exceptionalists are the Palestinians, some of whom still live on remnants of the former Ottoman territory of Palestine. Most of the latter want nothing more than better living and working conditions and their stolen property back. So this time it is the western empowered Zionist Jews who are committing the most genocidal of crimes against humanity, but amply provisioned and actively supported by US, UK and Europe.

It appears on the surface, that the new German elite are committing the same type of mistake as their predecessors in backing a reactionary movement that is quite prepared to commit genocide and even go as far as provoking another huge war in order to establish themselves as the sole possesor of someone elses, land and homes. But as noted above there is something deeper than guilt motivating the latest German elite support for the genocide in Gaza by Israel. The new elites in Germany are simply following the same hierarchical mass society logic as their Weimar Republic predecessors. Since the logic of expanding hierarchical mass societies is known to their elites and it is to obtain enough land along with sufficient human and natural resources as are necessary to support a growing hierarchical mass society, then to maintain that hierarchical system expansion becomes a necessity.

Theirfore, the hierarchical elite imperative entails encroaching upon and controlling extra land, labour and resources at sufficient levels to also create enough surplus production, to feed, house and entertain the elite in the manner they have become accustomed. Moreover, they also need to provide resources for sufficient armed forces to ensure they retain power and privilege over their own mass societies and over those forces of rival hierarchical mass societies. Since military forces are unproductive their provisions must be supplied by the efforts of productive working class civilians.

Furtheremore, in a system containing rival hierarchical mass societies, many seeking to expand their territories and gain privileged access to key resources, will need to seek alliances with other such countries in order to be strong enough to overcome any opposition and ensure they win. This system of alliances to enable resource acquisition dates back to the ancient Mediterranean hierarchical mass society kingdoms and confederacies. For those who doubt this historical connection, it is extensively described by Thucydides in his lengthy history of the Polepennesian Wars covering early, Egypt, Persia and Greece. Among the many examples of allies and conquests he provides this following brief one, which should suffice to illustrate the pattern.

“The policy of Lacedaemon was not to exact tribute from her allies, but merely to secure their subservience to her interests by establishing oligarchies among them; Athens, on the contrary , had by degrees deprived hers of their ships, and imposed instead contributions in money on all except Chios and Lesbos.” (The History of the Pelopennesian War. Thucydides. Chapter 1.)

That one book in its 26 chapters provides more than enough historically probable evidence of the hierarchical mass society aims and objectives (including genocidal brutality) during the middle period of their ancient Mediterranean development. Although the primary reasons then (and now) for state orchestrated alliances and wars of conquest are predominantly economic, other factors are frequently involved. In this modern case of alliances of capitalist led hierarchical mass societies exercising dynamic control over the Middle East, there is an added religious dimension to the economic one. Europe desired effective economic control and domination of the Middle East from the moment they realised the benefits of oil over coal in providing motive power for industry, commerce and transport and for powering modern military equipment.

Forward looking state elites, before, during and at the end of the 1st World War, reasoned that only unlimited access to oil would keep Europe, North America and the UK competitive in the global markets for commodity production, resources and markets. They therefore installed puppet regimes of Arab elites in most oil producing Middle Eastern countries. However, the only way to really guarantee this continuous supply of oil well into the future was to have a loyal, like-minded, well militarised ally in the middle east. It would need to be an ally sufficiently powerful to be able to help forestall or suppress any anti-European, and anti-US liberation movements who might try to overthrow the puppet regimes and cut off or reduce the supply of cheap oil.

The Jewish Zionists of the immediate post Second World War offered to be that reliable ally, provided they were allowed to form an exclusively Jewish State. Hence they were backed up to the hilt, politically, economically, militarily and financially by the West from 1948 onwards. The US alone provides billions of dollars value yearly to Israel, in one form or another. This is not done out of sheer benevolence, but as a kind of insurance premium paid for a definite service of present and future  asset protection. The additional dimension that has now occurred within this largely economic scenario is the fact of the different religious traditions of the elites and their citizens within the various countries.

The western US, UK and European Christian, Abrahamic monotheistic countries have become predominantly secularised and modernised in granting women’s rights, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom of unlimited wealth accumulation, the right of all to education etc. However, whilst the Islamic countries after the First World War, had started to liberalise they have under the impact of western exploitation and injustice, begun to progressively fall back upon more fundamentalist interpretations of the Islamic Abrahamic version of monotheism. In the 20th century Women’s Rights, have been curtailed, in most Islamic countries, freedom of criticism has also been curtailed, freedom of religion is not as well tolerated as in the West and the Religious elite Patriarchs have a definite secular elite-frustrating political power within many of these states.

It is the religious fundamentalist leadership of countries such as Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria, India and other Gulf States that is privately and publicly viewed as threatening to the elites Israel, the US, UK, Europe and the West. This adds a dimension of existential fear in Europe and the west on top of their racist characterisation of Muslim peoples as inferior to Christian peoples. The coincidence of these two elements of the current western Capitalist psyche; the desire for effective economic control of strategic Middle Eastern resources; and the fear of and resistance to, Islamic patriarchal religious forms of domination has ramped up elite  existential concern. These twin concerns have become a double incentive for some elites (and for some of their citizens) to side with Israel in its destruction of Hamas and other Islamic militant leaderships.

However, it is a serious miscalculation to allow this dynamic combination of elite fear and elite greed to justify crimes against humanity or genocide. It is a mistake for general humanitarian reasons; humans did not evolve over millions of years on the basis of routinely destroying each other on a huge scale. That is not a natural form of evolution but a social form degeneration. And the mass killing of Islamic believers is also counterproductive anyway, for it drives many of the women, youth and liberal minded adults of these countries back into the ideological swamp of religious fundamentalist patriarchy. In this way it furthers the risk of increasing fundamentalist terrorist type revenge actions, the loss of actual and potential economic assets, and through some unforseen and unintended consequences of military action – the possibility of yet another world war.

Again from a humanist standpoint this European and Western elite strategy of support for the genocidal strategy of the Israeli elite is particularly counter productive especially currently. It is occuring when many of the younger generations of Islamic countries, (Iran, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan, Egypt, Palestine, etc.), particular young women and young men are themselves beginning to refuse to obey the dictates of religious patriarchy in its fundamentalist forms. The elites in the US, UK, France, Germany etc., by their support for Israeli Zionist fundamentalism in Palestinian territories, has given in the past, and is now giving in the present, the example that the western forms of secular patriarchal world governance are not very much better (and in some cases such as their invasions of Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan and now Gaza), much worse than the Islamic patriarchal elite in their own communities.

But that human based value judgement doesn’t really concern the capitalist elite because their priority is for their system of resource acquisition and labour power exploitation to be viable and operational into the future. And that future for them is best served by loyalty to allied elites, not loyalty to humanity or loyalty to working class hope’s of not being forced into becoming canon fodder – yet again. In a way similar to the situation in the early 20th century, the hierarchical mass society system in the 21st century is in deep crisis yet again, and its elites are indicating that genocidal solutions to serious hierarchical mass society problems for them is not going too far or going beyond their predecessors promises of ‘never again‘. Hence, the possibility of a re-badged – FASCISM: TAKE TWO – involving everyone at a global supply level should not be dismissed as impossible.

Thus, the recent decision of the German state elite to stand alongside the Israeli defence team in the International Criminal Justice court to deny genocide, is, as noted above, not so much a second mistaken answer to a painfully clear lesson from history. It is simply the logic of the elite system of alliances between hierarchical mass societies operating within the modern historical context. The only alternative to the four or five thousand year old self-destructive rut and routine pathway of territorial direct (or indirect) expansion, war and genocide, is to create different forms of mass societies without including the deforming characteristics of hierarchical elites. It is the latter, who lead the rest of societies citizens in directions beneficial to their class but disastrous to the rest of the hierarchical mass society citizens and disasterous to nature in general.

Only non-hierarchical societies geared to production for general need rather than production for private profit and personal greed will end this cycle of elite sponsored war and genocide. Moreover, it is only radically different kind of societies which could also end and reverse the other unfolding crises facing humanity. Climate change, ecological destruction, wholesale pollution to land sea and air, cannot be ended by societies led by elites continually requiring and obtaining wealth and power, beyond the average needed for the rest of their own communities and also well beyond the needs of the rest of humanity.

Roy Ratcliffe (January 2024)

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